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Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

HBSE 8th Class Geography Mineral and Power Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Do

Identify Canadian Shield, Appalachians, Western Cordilleras and Lake Superior.
Answer:

ACTIVITY
On an outline map of India mark the distribution of iron, bauxite, manganese and mica.
Answer:

LETS DO

List uses of any five minerals.
Answer:
Uses of minerals:

• Manganese : Manufacture of ferrous alloys that are very strong.
• Mica : Mica is basic to electrical industry.
• Aluminium : It is used in automobiles and airplanes, bottling industry and even in kitchen cookware.
• Silicon: It is used in computer industry.
• Gold: It is used in making jewellery.

EXERCISE

Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 HBSE Question 1.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Name any three common minerals used by you everyday.
(ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?
(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources.
(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for :
(a) rural areas
(b) coastal areas
(c) arid regions.
(v) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home.
Answer:
(i) Iron, Copper, Bauxite.

(ii) Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores.
The ores of metals are located in igneous and metamorphic rocks which form large plateaus.

(iii) Russia and the Netherlands are the major producers of natural gas.

(iv) The sources of energy suitable for different areas are:
(a) Rural areas – Biogas
(b) Coastal areas – Wind energy
(c) Arid regions – Solar energy

(v) (a) Switch off the bulb and tubelight when not in use.
(b) Don’t leave the tap open while brushing your teeth.
(c) The electrical appliances should be used as per instructions and should be maintained properly.
(d) Switch to conventional sources of energy rather than non-conventional sources of energy.
(e) Cook most of the food items in pressure cookers rather than in open pans.

Mineral and Power Resources Question Answer HBSE Class 8 Question 2.
Multiple Choice Question:
Tick the correct answer:
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
(a) They are created by natural processes.
(b) They have a definite chemical composition.
(c) They are exhaustible.
(d) Their distribution is uneven.
Answer:
(c) They are inexhaustible.

(ii) Which one of the following is NOT a producer of mica?
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Karnataka
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Karnataka.

(iii) Which one of the following is a leading producer of copper in the world?
(a) Bolivia
(b) Ghana
(c) Chile
(d) Zimbabwe
Answer:
(c) Chile.

(iv) Which one of the following practices will not conserve LPG in your kitchen?
(а) Soaking the dal for some time before cooking it
(b) Cooking food in a pressure cooker
(c) Keeping the vegetables chopped before lighting the gas for cooking
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.
Answer:
(d) Cooking food in an open pan kept on low flame.

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 HBSE Question 3.
Give reasons:
(i) Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
Answer:
A large number of people are displaced when their homes and villages have to be submerged for creating huge water reservoirs and digging canals. Sometimes the dam site may be prone to quakes. An earthquake at the dam site could result in a huge disaster. So environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.

(ii) Most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
Answer:
Most of the industries are concentrated around coal mines because coal is a very essential but heavy mineral. Transporting of coal to the industry becomes costly.

(iii) Petroleum is referred to as ‘black gold.’
Answer:
Petroleum produces a variety of useful products like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants. Therefore, it is called black gold.

(iv) Quarrying can become a major environmental concern.
Answer:
Quarrying can become a major environmental concern because it causes land degradation and soil erosion all over the world.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Exercise HBSE Question 4.
Distinguish between the following:
(i) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
(i)

(b) Biogas and Natural Gas
Answer:

(c) Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Minerals.
Answer:

(d) Metallic and Non-metallic minerals.
Answer:

Question 5.
Activity
(i) Use pictures from old magazines to show different kinds of fuels used by us in our lives and display them on your bulletin board.
Answer:
Do it yourself and take the help of subject teacher.

(ii) Design a poster highlighting energy conservation tips you would take for your school.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of subject teacher.

(iii) Salma’s class took up an action campaign to do an energy and it of their school by surveying electricity consumption. They prepared survey sheets for the students of the school.
→ Switching off the appliances when not in use.
→ Minimal usage as per requirement.
→ Maximising the use of natural breeze and light by keeping the windows open.
→ Keeping the lights dust free.
→ The appropriate maintenance and usage of appliances as per the given instructions.
Can you add some more tips to this list?
You could conduct a similar survey at home and then extend it to your appartment and make your neighbours also energy wise.
Using the data collected during the survey, students calculated the units consumed in one month and the approximate expenditure and compared it with the electricity bill of the previous month. They also calculated the approximate cost of electricity consumed by fans, lights and other appliances not switched off. Thus, they highlighted the amount that could be saved and suggested simple energy conservation habits hke
Electricity Audit

Answer:
1. We should use CFS bulbs and tubes to save energy.
2. We should note the expenditures of previous bill to compare the present. If it is higher then we should apply all the points as suggest in the book.

HBSE 8th Class Geography Mineral and Power Resources Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is open-cast mining?
Answer:
Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer, this is known as open-cast mining.

Question 2.
What is quarrying ?
Answer:
The process by which minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out is called quarrying.

Question 3.
Name two countries which have large iron ore deposits.
Answer:
China, India.

Question 4.
Name the three zones in North America where mineral deposits are located.
Answer:
The Canadian region north of the Great Lakes, the Appalachian region, the mountain ranges of the west.

Question 5.
What is the use of firewood?
Answer:
Firewood is widely used for cooking and heating.

Question 6.
Name four chief petroleum producing countries.
Answer:
Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar.

Question 7.
Write any two advantages of wind energy.
Answer:

• It is non-polluting.
• Low cost production of electricity once set up.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the conservation of minerals necessary?
Answer:
Minerals are a non-renewable resource. It takes thousands of years for the formation and concentration of minerals.

Question 2.
Why is there need for using non- conventional sources of energy? Give two reasons.
Answer:

• The increasing use of fossil fuels is leading to its shortage. It is estimated that if the present rate of consumption continues, the reserves of these fuels will get exhausted.
• The use of conventional sources causes environmental pollution.

Question 3.
How is nuclear power obtained?
Answer:
Nuclear power is obtained from energy stored in the nuclei of atoms of naturally occurring radioactive elements like uranium and tnorium. These fuels undergo nuclear fission in nuclear reactors and emit power.

Question 5.
What are the disadvantages of using oil as power resource?
Answer:

• Depletion of oxygen due to oil spillage and gas leakage.
• Petroleum released causes acid rain.
• Exploration of new oil fields is not easy.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Africa is rich in mineral resources. Justify.
Answer:
(a) Africa is the world’s largest producer of diamonds, gold and platinuim
(b) South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire produce a large portion of the world’s gold.
(c) Copper, iron-ore, chromium, uranium, cobalt and bauxite are the other minerals found in Africa.
(d) Oil is found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola.

Question 2.
Give a brief account of minerals found in Australia.
Answer:
(a) Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the wrold.
(b) It is a leading producer of gold, diamond, iron-ore, tin and nickel.
(c) Rich deposits of copper, lead, zinc and manganese are also found.
(d) Large deposits of gold are found in Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie.

Question 3.
What is biogas? How is it obtained? Write its two uses.
Answer:
(a) Organic wastes such as dead point and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste can be converted into a gaseous fuel called biogas.

(b) The organic waste is decomposed by bacteria in biogas digesters to emit biogas which is essentially a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.

Use of biogas:
(a) Biogas is used for cooking and bghtening.
(b) It produces huge amount of organic manure.

Picture Based Questions

Look at the picture and answer the questions that follow:

(B) What are the parts labelled as (i), (ii), (Hi), (iv), and (v)?
Answer:
(i) Hot water
(ii) Steam
(iii) Turbine
(iv) Generator
(v) Heat from fission.

MAP-TIME

On the map of world, mark two main areas where mineral oil and coal are found in (A) Asia, (B) North America, (C) Africa, (D) South America

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 HBSE Notes

• Minerals: A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition.
• Rock: A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals but without definite composition of constituent of minerals.
• Ores : Rocks from which minerals are mined are known as ores.
• Mining: The process of taking out minerals from rocks hurried under the earth’s surface is called mining.
• Conventional Sources : Conventional sources of energy are those which have been in common use for a long time.
• Geothermal Energy; Heat energy obtained from the earth is called geothermal energy.

Haryana State Board HBSE 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Haryana Board 8th Class Social Science Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

HBSE 8th Class Geography Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

LETS DO (Page No. 9)

Observe the land, type of soil and water availability in the region you live. Discuss in your class, how it has influenced the life style of people there.
Answer:
The land, type of soil and water availability in the region influence the life style of people living there. They affect the economic activities of the people. If the land is fertile and there is enough water available for irrigation ; people will adopt agricultural activities.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 HBSE Question 2.
Collect a handful of different types of indian soil and find out how they are different.

LETS DO (Page No. 10)

Study the table given (NCERT Page No. 6) and answer the following:
(i) Name the countries having the highest percentage of land under cropland, forest, pasture and other uses.
Answer:
Cropland – India
Forest – Japan
Pasture – Australia
Other uses – Canada

(ii) How would you relate the land use pattern of these countries with the probable economic activities?
Answer:
(а) India is an agricultural country so it uses land maximum for crops production.
(b) The mountainous land of Japan is covered with forests.
(c) Australia has 56% of area in pastures; so the economic activity is related to cattle rearing.
(d) Paper and pulp industry is very common in Canada as its maximum land is covered mainly with coniferous forests.

EXERCISES

Land Soil Water Natural Vegetation And Wildlife Resources Question Answer HBSE Class 8 Question 1.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Which are the two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?
Answer:

• Temperature
• Rainfall.

(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.
Answer:

• Deforestation,
• Landslides and floods.

(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?
Answer:
The land is considered an important resource because :
(a) All human beings live on it and obtain most of their needs from it.
(b) Land can be used in various ways, for example, constructing buildings, roads, railway lines, cultivation, rearing of animals, mining, industries etc.

(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.
Answer:
(i) Our government has constructed national parts, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves to protect our natural vegetation and wildlife.

(ii) Awareness programmes like social forestry and Vanamahotasava are be encouraged at the regional and community levels.

(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.
Answer:
(a) The impurities of water should be treated before releasing them into water bodies.
(b) Rainwater harvesting should be done to save surface runoff.
(c) Wastage of water should be checked at home also. Waste water of kitchen and washing can be used for gardens and toilets.

Land Soil And Water Resources Class 8 HBSE Question 2.
Tick the correct answer:
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation?
(a) time
(b) soil texture
(c) organic matter
Answer:
(b) soil texture.

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?
(a) shelter belts
(b) mulching
(c) terrace cultivation.
Answer:
(c) terrace cultivation.

(iii) Which one of the following methods is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature?
(a) switch off the bulb when not in use
(b) close the tap immediately after using
(c) dispose polypacks after shopping
Answer:
(c) dispose polypacks after shopping.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Exercise HBSE Question 3.
Match the following.

Answer:
(i) (c)
(ii) (d)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (b)

Land Soil And Water Resources Class 8 Notes HBSE Question 4.
State whether the given statement is true or false. If true, write the reasons.
(i) Ganga-Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.
Answer:
True, because the land is fertile and suitable for cultivation.

(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining.
Answer:
True, because of rising population and drying up of water resources, increasing water pollution.

(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping.
Answer:
False, it is called shelter-belts.

(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.
Answer:
False, it will deteriorate the ecosystem.

8th Class Geography Chapter 2 HBSE Question 5.
Activity:
Discuss some more reasons which are responsible for changes of land use pattern. Has your place undergone any change in the land use pattern?

Based on the table you have just completed, draw a picture of land use patterns that you foresee in your neighbourhood after 20 years. Why do you think that land use patterns change over the years?
Answer:
There is a great change in the land-use pattern. The reasons are as under:

HBSE 8th Class Geography Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Land Soil And Water Resources Class 8 Solutions HBSE Question 1.
Give two reasons of water shortage or water scarcity.
Answer:
(a) Variation in annual or seasonal precipitation.
(b) Over exploitation of water.
(c) Contamination of water.

8th Geography Chapter 2 HBSE Question 2.
Mention two major contaminants of water bodies.
Answer:
(a) Discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage.
(b) Agricultural chemicals
(c) Industrial effluents.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Questions And Answers HBSE Question 3.
On which two factors does the growth of vegetation depend?
Answer:

• Temperature
• moisture.

Class 8th Geography Chapter 2 HBSE Question 4.
How are the major vegetation types of the world grouped?
Answer:

• Forests
• grasslands
• scrubs
• tundra.

Class 8 Chapter 2 Geography HBSE Question 5.
Give one main reason for the clearance of forests?
Answer:
To feed the growing population or to increase agricultural land.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is terrace cultivation?
Answer:
On steep slopes, terraces are made so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops. It reduces surfaces run-off and soil erosion.

Question 2.
Define contour ploughing.
Answer:
Ploughing is done parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water to flow down the slope.

Question 3.
Which method of soil conservaton is practiced in the coastal and dry regions?
Answer:
In coastal and dry regions, rows of trees are planted to check the wind movement to protect soil cover.

Question 4.
What do you understand by water cycle?
Answer:
Movement of water through the oceans, the air, the land and back again, through the process of evaporation and precipitation is called water cycle.

Question 5.
What are the major factors leading to shortage in supply of fresh water?
Answer:

• Increasing population
• rising demands for food and cash crops
• increasing urbanisation
• rising standards of living.

Question 6.
Which regions of the world face scarcity of water?
Answer:

• Africa
• West Asia
• South Africa
• parts of Western USA
• North West Mexico
• parts of South America
• Australia.

Question 7.
Write the difference between biosphere and ecosystem.
Answer:

• Biosphere : It is the narrow zone of contract between the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
• Ecosystem : In the biosphere, living beings are interrelated and interdependent on each other for survival. This life supporting system is called ecosystem.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Water can neither be added nor subtracted from the earth. Do you agree?
Or
Describe water-cycle.
Answer:
Yes, I agree that the volume of water remains the same on the earth. Water can neither be added nor subtracted. Its abundance seems to vary from one place to another because it is in constant motion. The water evaporates from the oceans, goes as water-vapour in to the atmosphere, condenses to form clouds and comes back to the earth as rain. This is known as “water cycle’.

Question 2.
What are the factors affecting soil formation?
Answer:
The factors affecting soil formation are:
1. Parent Rock : It determines colour, texture, chemical properties, mineral content and permeability.
2. Climate : Temperature and rainfall effect the rate of weathering and humus.
3. Relief : Altitude and shape determine accumulation of soil.
4. Flora, Fauna and Microorganisms: They effect the rate of humus formation.
5. Time : Time determines thickness of soil profile.

Picture Based Questions

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What type of farming is shown in the picture?
Answer:
Terrace farming.

Question 2.
How is this practised?
Answer:
Terraces are made on the steep slopes so that flat surfaces are available to grow crops.

Question 3.
How is it helpful?
Answer:
Terrace farming can reduce the surface run off and checked soil erosion.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 HBSE Notes

• Fallow Land : Land which can be cultivated, but has been left unused for the season.
• Cultivable Waste : Land which can be cultivated but which has been lying fallow for more than five years.
• Weathering : The breaking up and decay of exposed rocks’ by temperature changes, frost action, plants, animals and man.
• Soil: Soil refers to the thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth.
• Soil Profile : The layered structure of the soil which spreads from the bed-rock to top surface layer is known as the soil profile.
• Soil Conservation: The preservation, protection and efficient utilisation of soil resources is known as the soil conservation.
• Biosphere Reserve: Series of protected areas linked through a global network intended to demonstrate the relationship between conservation and development.
• Rain-Water Harvesting : It is the process of collecting rain water from roof tops and directing it to an appropriate location and storing it for future use.

Haryana State Board HBSE 12th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 5 Continuity and Differentiability Ex 5.8 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

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